,
NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND
CONTROL (NAFDAC)
NAFDAC VACCINE COMMITTEE
REVIEW OF ASTRAZENECA/OXFORD COVID-19 (COVISHIELD) VACCINE (SERUM INSTITUTE OF INDIA)
RECOMMENDATION FOR EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION
PRESS BRIEFING
FEBRUARY 18, 2021
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID-19 vaccine, a recombinant ChAdOx1 adenoviral vector encoding the structural surface glycoprotein (Spike protein) antigen of the SARS-CoV-2 was given an approval for Emergency Use Listing by WHO on Monday, February 15, 2021. WHO’s Emergency Use Listing (EUL) assesses the quality, safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and is a prerequisite for COVAX Facility vaccine supply. It also allows countries to expedite their own regulatory approval to import and administer COVID-19 vaccines. The EUL will allow Nigeria to receive the first batch of the vaccine from COVAX Facility within weeks subject to approval by NAFDAC.
COVAX, the vaccines pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Acceleratoris jointly led by The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI), the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Its aim is to accelerate the development and manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines, and to guarantee fair and equitable access for every country in the world. COVAX is also poised to ensure that ninety- two (92) eligible Low- and Middle-Income Countries ( LMIC) get access to COVID-19 vaccines through GAVI. Nigeria is one of the eligible countries.
National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control has been preparing for the COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination since the early phase of the pandemic – around April 2020. NAFDAC was positioned to a great extent to work online during the lockdown due to digitalization of many of our processes and continuous improvement.
Global meetings have been held continuously since April with focus on understanding the disease and the advent of vaccines. The Director General has been meeting every other week with International Coalition of Medicine Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA) while DG and respective Directors and staff have been meeting with WHO, African Medicine Regulatory Harmonisation (AMRH), WA-MRH, WAHO, AVAREF, etc.
The Agency established the COVID-19 Vaccine Committee and has been busy developing guidelines and guidance. NAFDAC is the first National Regulatory Agency in Africa to have Guidance on Regulatory Preparedness for EUA, Licensing or Access to COVID-19 Vaccines.
The guidance addressed many regulatory issues including the following:
- Submission of dossiers by manufacturers and Market authorization holder
- Assessment of Dossier through different mechanisms and using the common technical document for the following submission.
o Emergency Use Authorization
o Expedited approval
o Full review
o Post-marketing Pharmacovigilance and Surveillance
Finally, NAFDAC received the AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID-19 vaccine dossier from Serum Institute of India on February 10, 2021. The NAFDAC Vaccine Committee commenced the expedited review immediately and the members of the committee have worked assiduously to ensure that review was done as planned. The recommendation for Emergency Use Authorization was based on rigorous scientific considerations as summarized below.
2. VACCINE QUALITY
Manufacturer: The active substance is manufactured and controlled by Serum Institute of India Private Limited (SIIPL). A GMP certificate and manufacturing license issued by the India National Regulatory Authority (NRA) has been presented and found to be authentic and valid.
Dose Pack and Storage: The multidose (2 dose or 10 dose) vial is stored at 2-8OC, one dose (0.5ml) contains 5 x 1010 virus particle. On available stability data, the applicant has proposed a drug product shelf life of 6 months.
3. VACCINE SAFETY AND EFFICACY: From the Phases 2/3 conducted, COVISHIELD was found safe and well-tolerated in adults above 18 years of age. The incidence of solicited, unsolicited AEs and SAEs was comparable in the study control. groups. No causally related SAE was caused by the study vaccine.
4. PHARMACOVIGILANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINES
Safety of the vaccine is premium to NAFDAC and a lot of efforts are being put into this regulatory function. The Agency initiated multi-stakeholder collaboration with National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC), UNICEF, GAVI, WHO and Ministry of Health. The focus is to use a holistic approach for the effective immunization or delivery of the vaccines and monitor any Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI). The multi-stakeholder technical working groups have been meeting to address different issues, from access to distribution to traceability (track and trace) of the vaccines, to monitoring of adverse events following immunization.
The Agency will be using its recently launched Med Safety App for Active Pharmacovigilance of the vaccines in collaboration with the sister agencies. The App is free, and millions of healthcare workers can download it free for Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting. In-country training on the use of the App has begun for the healthcare givers.
NAFDAC plans to also use the Traceability with GS1 technology to monitor the vaccine distribution using Global Trade Item Number (GTIN). This is to prevent fake vaccines from infiltrating the supply chain and to ensure there is no diversion. This effort will create a reliable and predictable supply chain.
At the continental level, NAFDAC is on the Regulators Steering Committee of African Union -3S (Smart, Safety Surveillance) with Ghana, South Africa and Ethiopia. The committee was formed as a preparatory caucus for safety monitoring of medicines but using COVID-19 vaccine as a pilot.
Prof Mojisola Christianah Adeyeye
Director General
Quick Links
